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Venezuelan recall referendum, 2004
The Venezuelan recall referendum of 15 August 2004 was a referendum to determine whether Hugo Chávez, then President of Venezuela, should be recalled from office. The recall referendum was announced on 8 June 2004 by the National Electoral Council (CNE) after the Venezuelan opposition succeeded in collecting the number of signatures required by the 1999 Constitution to effect a recall.
The result of the referendum was not to recall Chávez (58% no), but there have been allegations of fraud. In 2004, a report by election observers rejected the hypothesis of fraud,〔Weisbrot M, Rosnick D, Tucker T (20 September 2004). (Black Swans, Conspiracy Theories, and the Quixotic Search for Fraud: A Look at Hausmann and Rigobón's Analysis of Venezuela's Referendum Vote ). ''CEPR: Center for Economic and Policy Research''. Retrieved 7 July 2012.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Observer teams endorse Venezuela vote results )〕 but statistical evaluations released in 2006〔Maria M. Febres Cordero, Bernardo Márquez (2006), ("A Statistical Approach to Assess Referendum Results: the Venezuelan Recall Referendum 2004" ), ''International Statistical Review'', 74(3)〕 and 2011〔(Special Section: Revisiting the 2004 Venezuelan Referendum ), ''Statistical Science'', 26(4), November 2011〕 disagreed. Former United States president Jimmy Carter〔 〕 and his Carter Center,〔Carter Center (2005). (Observing the Venezuela Presidential Recall Referendum: Comprehensive Report. ) Accessed 25 January 2006.〕 all groups which had observed the referendum,〔 and other analyses〔''Carter Center'', 17 September 2004, (Report on an Analysis of the Representativeness of the Second Audit Sample, and the Correlation between Petition Signers and the Yes Vote in the 15 August 2004 Presidential Recall Referendum in Venezuela ). Retrieved 20 February 2010〕 denied fraud, saying the referendum was performed in a free and fair manner, with Carter even accusing opposition-aligned sources of manipulating data.
==The petition==
The recall mechanism was introduced into Venezuelan law in 1999 under the new Constitution drafted by the National Constituent Assembly and sanctioned by the electorate in a referendum. Under its provisions, an elected official can be subjected to a recall referendum if a petition gathers signatures from 20% of the corresponding electorate. Thus, to order a presidential recall vote in 2004, 2.4 million signatures were needed - 20% of the national electorate.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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